closure bump

- sin/cos
- scene-add proxy

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 .direnv/
 target/
 result/
+*.png

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,27 +1,47 @@
 [package]
 name = "lispers"
-description = "lisp interpreter in rust"
+description = "lisp interpreter in rust for raytracing"
 publish = false
 version = "0.1.0"
 
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 
 [lib]
 name = "lispers"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "demo"
+name = "lisp_demo"
-path = "src/bin/demo.rs"
+path = "src/bin/lisp_demo.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "repl"
 path = "src/bin/repl.rs"
 
+[[bin]]
+name = "rt_lisp_demo"
+path = "src/bin/rt_lisp_demo.rs"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "rt_interp"
+path = "src/bin/rt_interp.rs"
+
+[workspace]
+members = [ "lispers-core", "lispers-macro"]
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+lispers-core = {path = "lispers-core"}
+lispers-macro = {path = "lispers-macro"}
+as-any = "0.3.2"
+
 [dependencies]
-as-any = "0.3.1"
+as-any = {workspace = true}
-futures = "0.3.30"
+futures = "0.3.32"
-image = "0.25.5"
+image = "0.25.10"
-nalgebra = "0.33.2"
+nalgebra = "0.34.2"
-nix = "0.29.0"
+nix = "0.31.2"
-rayon = "1.10.0"
+rayon = "1.11.0"
+lispers-core = {workspace = true}
+lispers-macro = {workspace = true}
+video-rs = { version = "0.11.0", features = ["ndarray"] }
+ndarray = "0.17.2"

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use std::path::Path;
+
+fn copy_dir(src: impl AsRef<Path>, dst: impl AsRef<Path>) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dst)?;
+    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(src)? {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        if entry.file_type()?.is_dir() {
+            copy_dir(entry.path(), dst.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
+        } else {
+            std::fs::copy(entry.path(), dst.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let use_local_scenes = std::env::var("LISPERS_USE_LOCAL_SCENES").unwrap_or_default() == "1";
+    let no_copy = std::env::var("LISPERS_DONT_COPY_SCENES").unwrap_or_default() == "1";
+
+    let out_dir = match std::env::var("LISPERS_OUT_DIR") {
+        Ok(val) => val,
+        Err(_) => std::env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap(),
+    };
+
+    let mut scenes_dir = Path::new(&std::env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap())
+        .canonicalize()
+        .unwrap()
+        .join("scenes");
+
+    if !use_local_scenes {
+        let tgt_scenes_dir = Path::new(&out_dir).join("scenes");
+        if !no_copy {
+            copy_dir(&scenes_dir, &tgt_scenes_dir).expect("Failed to copy scenes directory");
+        }
+        scenes_dir = tgt_scenes_dir;
+    }
+
+    println!("cargo:rustc-env=SCENES_DIR={}", scenes_dir.display());
+}

flake.lock

@@ -8,82 +8,15 @@
         "flake-compat": [
           "crate2nix"
         ],
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
+        "git-hooks": "git-hooks",
-        "pre-commit-hooks": [
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
-          "crate2nix"
-        ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1709700175,
+        "lastModified": 1767714506,
-        "narHash": "sha256-A0/6ZjLmT9qdYzKHmevnEIC7G+GiZ4UCr8v0poRPzds=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-WaTs0t1CxhgxbIuvQ97OFhDTVUGd1HA+KzLZUZBhe0s=",
         "owner": "cachix",
         "repo": "cachix",
-        "rev": "be97b37989f11b724197b5f4c7ffd78f12c8c4bf",
+        "rev": "894c649f0daaa38bbcfb21de64be47dfa7cd0ec9",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "ref": "latest",
-        "repo": "cachix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "cachix_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "devenv": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ],
-        "flake-compat": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ],
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2",
-        "pre-commit-hooks": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716549461,
-        "narHash": "sha256-lHy5kgx6J8uD+16SO47dPrbob98sh+W1tf4ceSqPVK4=",
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "cachix",
-        "rev": "e2bb269fb8c0828d5d4d2d7b8d09ea85abcacbd4",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "ref": "latest",
-        "repo": "cachix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "cachix_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "devenv": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ],
-        "flake-compat": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ],
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_3",
-        "pre-commit-hooks": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716549461,
-        "narHash": "sha256-lHy5kgx6J8uD+16SO47dPrbob98sh+W1tf4ceSqPVK4=",
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "cachix",
-        "rev": "e2bb269fb8c0828d5d4d2d7b8d09ea85abcacbd4",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -96,162 +29,42 @@
     "crate2nix": {
       "inputs": {
         "cachix": "cachix",
-        "crate2nix_stable": "crate2nix_stable",
-        "devshell": "devshell_3",
-        "flake-compat": "flake-compat_3",
-        "flake-parts": "flake-parts_3",
-        "nix-test-runner": "nix-test-runner_3",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "pre-commit-hooks": "pre-commit-hooks_3"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1732039290,
-        "narHash": "sha256-LQKY7bShf2H9kJouxa9ZspfdrulnZF9o4kLTqGqCDYM=",
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "rev": "9ff208ce7f5a482272b1bcefbe363c772d7ff914",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "crate2nix_stable": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "cachix": "cachix_2",
-        "crate2nix_stable": "crate2nix_stable_2",
-        "devshell": "devshell_2",
-        "flake-compat": "flake-compat_2",
-        "flake-parts": "flake-parts_2",
-        "nix-test-runner": "nix-test-runner_2",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_5",
-        "pre-commit-hooks": "pre-commit-hooks_2"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719760004,
-        "narHash": "sha256-esWhRnt7FhiYq0CcIxw9pvH+ybOQmWBfHYMtleaMhBE=",
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "rev": "1dee214bb20855fa3e1e7bb98d28922ddaff8c57",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "ref": "0.14.1",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "crate2nix_stable_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "cachix": "cachix_3",
-        "crate2nix_stable": "crate2nix_stable_3",
         "devshell": "devshell",
         "flake-compat": "flake-compat",
         "flake-parts": "flake-parts",
         "nix-test-runner": "nix-test-runner",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_4",
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ],
         "pre-commit-hooks": "pre-commit-hooks"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1712821484,
+        "lastModified": 1774369503,
-        "narHash": "sha256-rGT3CW64cJS9nlnWPFWSc1iEa3dNZecVVuPVGzcsHe8=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-YeCF4iBhlvTqkn4mihjZgixnDcEVgfyQlNeBsbLYUgQ=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "rev": "42883afcad3823fa5811e967fb7bff54bc3c9d6d",
+        "rev": "b873ca53dd64e12340416f0fd5e3b33792b9c17b",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "nix-community",
-        "ref": "0.14.0",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "crate2nix_stable_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1702842982,
-        "narHash": "sha256-A9AowkHIjsy1a4LuiPiVP88FMxyCWK41flZEZOUuwQM=",
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "repo": "crate2nix",
-        "rev": "75ac2973affa6b9b4f661a7b592cba6e4f51d426",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-community",
-        "ref": "0.12.0",
         "repo": "crate2nix",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
     "devshell": {
       "inputs": {
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_2",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1717408969,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Q0OEFqe35fZbbRPPRdrjTUUChKVhhWXz3T9ZSKmaoVY=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "1ebbe68d57457c8cae98145410b164b5477761f4",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "devshell_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_3",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1717408969,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Q0OEFqe35fZbbRPPRdrjTUUChKVhhWXz3T9ZSKmaoVY=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "1ebbe68d57457c8cae98145410b164b5477761f4",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "devshell",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "devshell_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_4",
         "nixpkgs": [
           "crate2nix",
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1711099426,
+        "lastModified": 1768818222,
-        "narHash": "sha256-HzpgM/wc3aqpnHJJ2oDqPBkNsqWbW0WfWUO8lKu8nGk=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-460jc0+CZfyaO8+w8JNtlClB2n4ui1RbHfPTLkpwhU8=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "2d45b54ca4a183f2fdcf4b19c895b64fbf620ee8",
+        "rev": "255a2b1725a20d060f566e4755dbf571bbbb5f76",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -262,40 +75,12 @@
     },
     "flake-compat": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1696426674,
+        "lastModified": 1733328505,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kvjfFW7WAETZlt09AgDn1MrtKzP7t90Vf7vypd3OL1U=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-NeCCThCEP3eCl2l/+27kNNK7QrwZB1IJCrXfrbv5oqU=",
-        "rev": "0f9255e01c2351cc7d116c072cb317785dd33b33",
+        "rev": "ff81ac966bb2cae68946d5ed5fc4994f96d0ffec",
-        "revCount": 57,
+        "revCount": 69,
         "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://api.flakehub.com/f/pinned/edolstra/flake-compat/1.0.1/018afb31-abd1-7bff-a5e4-cff7e18efb7a/source.tar.gz"
+        "url": "https://api.flakehub.com/f/pinned/edolstra/flake-compat/1.1.0/01948eb7-9cba-704f-bbf3-3fa956735b52/source.tar.gz"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://flakehub.com/f/edolstra/flake-compat/1.tar.gz"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-compat_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1696426674,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kvjfFW7WAETZlt09AgDn1MrtKzP7t90Vf7vypd3OL1U=",
-        "rev": "0f9255e01c2351cc7d116c072cb317785dd33b33",
-        "revCount": 57,
-        "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://api.flakehub.com/f/pinned/edolstra/flake-compat/1.0.1/018afb31-abd1-7bff-a5e4-cff7e18efb7a/source.tar.gz"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://flakehub.com/f/edolstra/flake-compat/1.tar.gz"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-compat_3": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1696426674,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kvjfFW7WAETZlt09AgDn1MrtKzP7t90Vf7vypd3OL1U=",
-        "rev": "0f9255e01c2351cc7d116c072cb317785dd33b33",
-        "revCount": 57,
-        "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://api.flakehub.com/f/pinned/edolstra/flake-compat/1.0.1/018afb31-abd1-7bff-a5e4-cff7e18efb7a/source.tar.gz"
       },
       "original": {
         "type": "tarball",
@@ -306,17 +91,15 @@
       "inputs": {
         "nixpkgs-lib": [
           "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719745305,
+        "lastModified": 1768135262,
-        "narHash": "sha256-xwgjVUpqSviudEkpQnioeez1Uo2wzrsMaJKJClh+Bls=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-PVvu7OqHBGWN16zSi6tEmPwwHQ4rLPU9Plvs8/1TUBY=",
         "owner": "hercules-ci",
         "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "rev": "c3c5ecc05edc7dafba779c6c1a61cd08ac6583e9",
+        "rev": "80daad04eddbbf5a4d883996a73f3f542fa437ac",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -327,152 +110,47 @@
     },
     "flake-parts_2": {
       "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs-lib": [
+        "nixpkgs-lib": "nixpkgs-lib"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1772408722,
+        "narHash": "sha256-rHuJtdcOjK7rAHpHphUb1iCvgkU3GpfvicLMwwnfMT0=",
+        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "repo": "flake-parts",
+        "rev": "f20dc5d9b8027381c474144ecabc9034d6a839a3",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "repo": "flake-parts",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "git-hooks": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-compat": [
           "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
+          "cachix",
+          "flake-compat"
+        ],
+        "gitignore": "gitignore",
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "crate2nix",
+          "cachix",
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719745305,
+        "lastModified": 1765404074,
-        "narHash": "sha256-xwgjVUpqSviudEkpQnioeez1Uo2wzrsMaJKJClh+Bls=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-+ZDU2d+vzWkEJiqprvV5PR26DVFN2vgddwG5SnPZcUM=",
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "flake-parts",
+        "repo": "git-hooks.nix",
-        "rev": "c3c5ecc05edc7dafba779c6c1a61cd08ac6583e9",
+        "rev": "2d6f58930fbcd82f6f9fd59fb6d13e37684ca529",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "flake-parts",
+        "repo": "git-hooks.nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-parts_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs-lib": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1712014858,
-        "narHash": "sha256-sB4SWl2lX95bExY2gMFG5HIzvva5AVMJd4Igm+GpZNw=",
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "rev": "9126214d0a59633752a136528f5f3b9aa8565b7d",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1694529238,
-        "narHash": "sha256-zsNZZGTGnMOf9YpHKJqMSsa0dXbfmxeoJ7xHlrt+xmY=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "ff7b65b44d01cf9ba6a71320833626af21126384",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_2"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_3"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_4": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_4"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_5": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_5"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1710146030,
-        "narHash": "sha256-SZ5L6eA7HJ/nmkzGG7/ISclqe6oZdOZTNoesiInkXPQ=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "b1d9ab70662946ef0850d488da1c9019f3a9752a",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "flake-utils_6": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_6"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1731533236,
-        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
@@ -480,9 +158,8 @@
       "inputs": {
         "nixpkgs": [
           "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
+          "cachix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
+          "git-hooks",
-          "pre-commit-hooks",
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
@@ -501,29 +178,6 @@
       }
     },
     "gitignore_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "pre-commit-hooks",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1709087332,
-        "narHash": "sha256-HG2cCnktfHsKV0s4XW83gU3F57gaTljL9KNSuG6bnQs=",
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
-        "rev": "637db329424fd7e46cf4185293b9cc8c88c95394",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "hercules-ci",
-        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "gitignore_3": {
       "inputs": {
         "nixpkgs": [
           "crate2nix",
@@ -561,45 +215,13 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "nix-test-runner_2": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1588761593,
-        "narHash": "sha256-FKJykltAN/g3eIceJl4SfDnnyuH2jHImhMrXS2KvGIs=",
-        "owner": "stoeffel",
-        "repo": "nix-test-runner",
-        "rev": "c45d45b11ecef3eb9d834c3b6304c05c49b06ca2",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "stoeffel",
-        "repo": "nix-test-runner",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nix-test-runner_3": {
-      "flake": false,
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1588761593,
-        "narHash": "sha256-FKJykltAN/g3eIceJl4SfDnnyuH2jHImhMrXS2KvGIs=",
-        "owner": "stoeffel",
-        "repo": "nix-test-runner",
-        "rev": "c45d45b11ecef3eb9d834c3b6304c05c49b06ca2",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "stoeffel",
-        "repo": "nix-test-runner",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1700612854,
+        "lastModified": 1765186076,
-        "narHash": "sha256-yrQ8osMD+vDLGFX7pcwsY/Qr5PUd6OmDMYJZzZi0+zc=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-hM20uyap1a0M9d344I692r+ik4gTMyj60cQWO+hAYP8=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "19cbff58383a4ae384dea4d1d0c823d72b49d614",
+        "rev": "addf7cf5f383a3101ecfba091b98d0a1263dc9b8",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -609,13 +231,28 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
+    "nixpkgs-lib": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1772328832,
+        "narHash": "sha256-e+/T/pmEkLP6BHhYjx6GmwP5ivonQQn0bJdH9YrRB+Q=",
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs.lib",
+        "rev": "c185c7a5e5dd8f9add5b2f8ebeff00888b070742",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs.lib",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs_2": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1715534503,
+        "lastModified": 1774386573,
-        "narHash": "sha256-5ZSVkFadZbFP1THataCaSf0JH2cAH3S29hU9rrxTEqk=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-4hAV26quOxdC6iyG7kYaZcM3VOskcPUrdCQd/nx8obc=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2057814051972fa1453ddfb0d98badbea9b83c06",
+        "rev": "46db2e09e1d3f113a13c0d7b81e2f221c63b8ce9",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -625,156 +262,24 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
-    "nixpkgs_3": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1715534503,
-        "narHash": "sha256-5ZSVkFadZbFP1THataCaSf0JH2cAH3S29hU9rrxTEqk=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2057814051972fa1453ddfb0d98badbea9b83c06",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-unstable",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_4": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719506693,
-        "narHash": "sha256-C8e9S7RzshSdHB7L+v9I51af1gDM5unhJ2xO1ywxNH8=",
-        "path": "/nix/store/4p0avw1s3vf27hspgqsrqs37gxk4i83i-source",
-        "rev": "b2852eb9365c6de48ffb0dc2c9562591f652242a",
-        "type": "path"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "id": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "indirect"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_5": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719506693,
-        "narHash": "sha256-C8e9S7RzshSdHB7L+v9I51af1gDM5unhJ2xO1ywxNH8=",
-        "path": "/nix/store/4p0avw1s3vf27hspgqsrqs37gxk4i83i-source",
-        "rev": "b2852eb9365c6de48ffb0dc2c9562591f652242a",
-        "type": "path"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "id": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "indirect"
-      }
-    },
-    "nixpkgs_6": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1717179513,
-        "narHash": "sha256-vboIEwIQojofItm2xGCdZCzW96U85l9nDW3ifMuAIdM=",
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "63dacb46bf939521bdc93981b4cbb7ecb58427a0",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "24.05",
-        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
     "pre-commit-hooks": {
       "inputs": {
         "flake-compat": [
           "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "flake-compat"
-        ],
-        "gitignore": "gitignore",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "nixpkgs-stable": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719259945,
-        "narHash": "sha256-F1h+XIsGKT9TkGO3omxDLEb/9jOOsI6NnzsXFsZhry4=",
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
-        "rev": "0ff4381bbb8f7a52ca4a851660fc7a437a4c6e07",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "pre-commit-hooks_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-compat": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
           "flake-compat"
         ],
         "gitignore": "gitignore_2",
         "nixpkgs": [
           "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "nixpkgs-stable": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "crate2nix_stable",
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719259945,
+        "lastModified": 1769069492,
-        "narHash": "sha256-F1h+XIsGKT9TkGO3omxDLEb/9jOOsI6NnzsXFsZhry4=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-Efs3VUPelRduf3PpfPP2ovEB4CXT7vHf8W+xc49RL/U=",
         "owner": "cachix",
         "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
-        "rev": "0ff4381bbb8f7a52ca4a851660fc7a437a4c6e07",
+        "rev": "a1ef738813b15cf8ec759bdff5761b027e3e1d23",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "pre-commit-hooks_3": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-compat": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "flake-compat"
-        ],
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_5",
-        "gitignore": "gitignore_3",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "nixpkgs-stable": [
-          "crate2nix",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1712055707,
-        "narHash": "sha256-4XLvuSIDZJGS17xEwSrNuJLL7UjDYKGJSbK1WWX2AK8=",
-        "owner": "cachix",
-        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
-        "rev": "e35aed5fda3cc79f88ed7f1795021e559582093a",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -786,8 +291,8 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "crate2nix": "crate2nix",
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_6",
+        "flake-parts": "flake-parts_2",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_6",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2",
         "rust-overlay": "rust-overlay"
       }
     },
@@ -798,11 +303,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1731983527,
+        "lastModified": 1774667365,
-        "narHash": "sha256-JECaBgC0pQ91Hq3W4unH6K9to8s2Zl2sPNu7bLOv4ek=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-+JamhonkPyti+oqfl1ySAyF2L02adhCEcdZOzpSukq8=",
         "owner": "oxalica",
         "repo": "rust-overlay",
-        "rev": "71287228d96e9568e1e70c6bbfa3f992d145947b",
+        "rev": "98caaa8cd1fbcc45913d1bb2b7fbabcf3e8d967a",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -810,96 +315,6 @@
         "repo": "rust-overlay",
         "type": "github"
       }
-    },
-    "systems": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_3": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_4": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_5": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_6": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
     }
   },
   "root": "root",

flake.nix

@@ -2,39 +2,35 @@
   description = "Rust-Nix";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/24.05";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
+    flake-parts.url = "github:hercules-ci/flake-parts";
     rust-overlay = {
       url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
-    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
     crate2nix = {
       url = "github:nix-community/crate2nix";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
   };
 
-  nixConfig = {
-    extra-trusted-public-keys = "eigenvalue.cachix.org-1:ykerQDDa55PGxU25CETy9wF6uVDpadGGXYrFNJA3TUs=";
-    extra-substituters = "https://eigenvalue.cachix.org";
-    allow-import-from-derivation = true;
-  };
-
   outputs = inputs @ {
-    crate2nix,
+    flake-parts,
-    flake-utils,
-    nixpkgs,
     rust-overlay,
+    crate2nix,
     ...
   }:
-    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (
+    flake-parts.lib.mkFlake {inherit inputs;} (top: {
-      system: let
+      systems = [
-        # Overlay pkgs with rust-bin
+        "x86_64-linux"
-        overlays = [(import rust-overlay)];
+      ];
-        pkgs = import nixpkgs {
-          inherit system overlays;
-        };
 
+      perSystem = {
+        self',
+        pkgs,
+        system,
+        ...
+      }: let
         # Use rust-bin to generate the toolchain from rust-toolchain.toml
         rust-toolchain = pkgs.rust-bin.fromRustupToolchainFile ./rust-toolchain.toml;
 
@@ -49,6 +45,22 @@
                 rav1e = attrs: {
                   CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS = "";
                 };
+                # Fix thread 'main' (222) panicked at build.rs:250:45:
+                av-scenechange = attrs: {
+                  CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS = "";
+                };
+                # Bindgen fix
+                ffmpeg-sys-next = attrs: {
+                  buildInputs = [pkgs.ffmpeg_4];
+                  LIBCLANG_PATH = "${pkgs.llvmPackages.libclang.lib}/lib";
+                  nativeBuildInputs = [pkgs.pkg-config];
+                  BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS = [
+                    "--sysroot=${pkgs.glibc.dev}"
+                  ];
+                };
+                ffmpeg-next = attrs: {
+                  features = ["codec" "format" "ffmpeg4" "ffmpeg_4_0" "ffmpeg_4_1" "ffmpeg_4_2" "ffmpeg_4_3" "ffmpeg_4_4" "ff_api_vaapi" "software-scaling" "software-resampling"];
+                };
               };
           };
 
@@ -61,29 +73,56 @@
         cargoNix = import generatedCargoNix {
           inherit pkgs buildRustCrateForPkgs;
         };
-      in rec {
+      in {
-        apps = rec {
+        _module.args.pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs {
-          demo = {
+          inherit system;
+          overlays = [rust-overlay.overlays.default];
+        };
+
+        packages.lispers = cargoNix.workspaceMembers.lispers.build.overrideAttrs (attrs: {
+          preConfigure = ''
+            export LISPERS_OUT_DIR="$out"
+            export LISPERS_DONT_COPY_SCENES=1
+          '';
+          postInstall = ''
+            cp -r $src/scenes $out/scenes
+          '';
+        });
+        packages.default = self'.packages.lispers;
+        apps = {
+          lisp_demo = {
             type = "app";
-            program = "${packages.default}/bin/demo";
+            program = "${self'.packages.lispers}/bin/lisp_demo";
           };
           repl = {
             type = "app";
-            program = "${packages.default}/bin/repl";
+            program = "${self'.packages.lispers}/bin/repl";
           };
           rt_demo = {
             type = "app";
-            program = "${packages.default}/bin/rt_demo";
+            program = "${self'.packages.lispers}/bin/rt_demo";
           };
-          default = demo;
+          rt_lisp_demo = {
+            type = "app";
+            program = "${self'.packages.lispers}/bin/rt_lisp_demo";
+          };
+          rt_interp = {
+            type = "app";
+            program = "${self'.packages.lispers}/bin/rt_interp";
+          };
+          default = self'.apps.rt_lisp_demo;
         };
-        packages = rec {
+
-          lispers = cargoNix.rootCrate.build;
+        devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
-          default = lispers;
+          shellHook = ''
+            export LISPERS_USE_LOCAL_SCENES=1
+          '';
+          LIBCLANG_PATH = "${pkgs.llvmPackages.libclang.lib}/lib";
+          nativeBuildInputs = [rust-toolchain pkgs.pkg-config pkgs.ffmpeg_4];
+          BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS = [
+            "--sysroot=${pkgs.glibc.dev}"
+          ];
         };
-        devShell = pkgs.mkShell {
+      };
-          buildInputs = [rust-toolchain];
+    });
-        };
-      }
-    );
 }

lispers-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "lispers-core"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+as-any = {workspace = true}

lispers-core/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod lisp;
+pub mod parser;

lispers-core/src/lisp/environment.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::{expression::Expression, prelude::mk_prelude};
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, rc::Rc};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt::Display, rc::Rc};
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 /// A Environment is a stack of `EnvironmentLayer`s. Each `EnvironmentLayer` is a mapping from
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl<'a> Environment<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Construct a new `Environment` with `self` as the outer `Environment`.
-    pub fn mk_inner(&self) -> Environment {
+    pub fn mk_inner(&'a self) -> Environment<'a> {
         Environment {
             layer: EnvironmentLayer::new(),
             outer: Some(self),
@@ -136,6 +136,30 @@ impl Default for Environment<'_> {
     }
 }
 
+impl Display for Environment<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(x) = &self.outer {
+            write!(f, "{}<{}", self.layer, x)
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for EnvironmentLayer {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{{{}}}",
+            self.symbols
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(k, v)| format!("{}={}", k, v))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join(", ")
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_environment() {
     let mut env = Environment::new();

lispers-core/src/lisp/eval.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
+use crate::parser::ParserError;
+
 use super::environment::Environment;
 use super::environment::EnvironmentLayer;
 use super::expression::Expression;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 /// All possible evaluation errors
 pub enum EvalError {
     SymbolNotBound(String),
@@ -14,6 +16,13 @@ pub enum EvalError {
     TypeError(String),
     NotASymbol(Expression),
     RuntimeError(String),
+    ParserError(ParserError),
+}
+
+impl From<ParserError> for EvalError {
+    fn from(value: ParserError) -> Self {
+        EvalError::ParserError(value)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Display for EvalError {
@@ -26,6 +35,7 @@ impl Display for EvalError {
             EvalError::TypeError(s) => write!(f, "Type error: {}", s),
             EvalError::NotASymbol(e) => write!(f, "Expression {} is not a symbol", e),
             EvalError::RuntimeError(s) => write!(f, "Runtime error: {}", s),
+            EvalError::ParserError(s) => write!(f, "Parser error: {}", s),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -87,12 +97,23 @@ fn dispatch_anonymous_function(
     }
 
     for (arg, symbol) in args.iter_mut().zip(argument_symbols.iter()) {
-        overlay.set(symbol.to_owned(), eval(env, arg.to_owned())?);
+        overlay.set(symbol.to_owned(), eval(&env, arg.to_owned())?);
     }
 
     eval(&env.overlay(overlay), body)
 }
 
+/// Dispatch a closure. Evaluates `body` in `env` overlayed with the `layer`
+fn dispatch_closure(
+    env: &Environment,
+    layer: EnvironmentLayer,
+    body: Expression,
+) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    println!("Dispatching closure: {} -> {}", &layer, &body);
+    let env = env.overlay(layer);
+    eval(&env, body)
+}
+
 /// Evaluate an expression inside an environment
 pub fn eval(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
     match expr {
@@ -104,6 +125,7 @@ pub fn eval(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError
             } => dispatch_anonymous_function(env, argument_symbols, *body, *rhs),
             a => Err(EvalError::NotAFunction(a)),
         },
+        Expression::Closure { layer, body } => dispatch_closure(env, layer, *body),
         Expression::Quote(e) => Ok(*e),
         Expression::Symbol(s) => env.get(&s).ok_or(EvalError::SymbolNotBound(s)),
         x => Ok(x),

lispers-core/src/lisp/expression.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::ops::DerefMut;
 use as_any::AsAny;
 
 use super::environment::Environment;
+use super::environment::EnvironmentLayer;
 use super::eval::CellIterator;
 use super::eval::EvalError;
 
@@ -121,13 +122,17 @@ impl Display for ForeignDataStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 /// A sum type of all possible lisp expressions.
 pub enum Expression {
     /// The classic lisp cons cell aka (a . b) used to construct expressions.
     Cell(Box<Expression>, Box<Expression>),
     /// A function expression pointing to native code.
     Function(fn(&Environment, Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError>),
+    Closure {
+        layer: EnvironmentLayer,
+        body: Box<Expression>,
+    },
     /// A anonymous function expression consisting of bound symbols and a body expression.
     AnonymousFunction {
         argument_symbols: Vec<String>,
@@ -151,6 +156,64 @@ pub enum Expression {
     Nil,
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for Expression {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        use Expression::*;
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Cell(a1, b1), Cell(a2, b2)) => PartialEq::eq(a1, a2) && PartialEq::eq(b1, b2),
+            (
+                AnonymousFunction {
+                    argument_symbols: args1,
+                    body: body1,
+                },
+                AnonymousFunction {
+                    argument_symbols: args2,
+                    body: body2,
+                },
+            ) => PartialEq::eq(args1, args2) && PartialEq::eq(body1, body2),
+            (ForeignExpression(f1), ForeignExpression(f2)) => PartialEq::eq(f1, f2),
+            (Quote(e1), Quote(e2)) => PartialEq::eq(e1, e2),
+            (Symbol(s1), Symbol(s2)) => PartialEq::eq(s1, s2),
+            (Integer(i1), Integer(i2)) => PartialEq::eq(i1, i2),
+            (Float(f1), Float(f2)) => PartialEq::eq(f1, f2),
+            (String(s1), String(s2)) => PartialEq::eq(s1, s2),
+            (Nil, Nil) => true,
+            (True, True) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Expression {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        use Expression::*;
+        match (self, other) {
+            (Cell(a1, b1), Cell(a2, b2)) => a1.partial_cmp(a2).or_else(|| b1.partial_cmp(b2)),
+            (
+                AnonymousFunction {
+                    argument_symbols: args1,
+                    body: body1,
+                },
+                AnonymousFunction {
+                    argument_symbols: args2,
+                    body: body2,
+                },
+            ) => args1
+                .partial_cmp(args2)
+                .or_else(|| body1.partial_cmp(body2)),
+            (ForeignExpression(f1), ForeignExpression(f2)) => f1.partial_cmp(f2),
+            (Quote(e1), Quote(e2)) => e1.partial_cmp(e2),
+            (Symbol(s1), Symbol(s2)) => s1.partial_cmp(s2),
+            (Float(f1), Float(f2)) => f1.partial_cmp(f2),
+            (Integer(i1), Integer(i2)) => i1.partial_cmp(i2),
+            (String(s1), String(s2)) => s1.partial_cmp(s2),
+            (Nil, Nil) => Some(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal),
+            (True, True) => Some(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: ForeignData> From<ForeignDataWrapper<T>> for Expression {
     fn from(value: ForeignDataWrapper<T>) -> Expression {
         Expression::ForeignExpression(ForeignDataStore::new(value.0))
@@ -192,12 +255,52 @@ impl From<Vec<Expression>> for Expression {
     }
 }
 
+impl<const N: usize> From<[Expression; N]> for Expression {
+    fn from(mut value: [Expression; N]) -> Self {
+        let mut current = Expression::Nil;
+
+        for e in value.iter_mut().rev() {
+            current = Expression::Cell(Box::new(e.to_owned()), Box::new(current));
+        }
+
+        current
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<(Expression, Expression)> for Expression {
     fn from(value: (Expression, Expression)) -> Self {
         Expression::Cell(Box::new(value.0), Box::new(value.1))
     }
 }
 
+impl From<i64> for Expression {
+    fn from(value: i64) -> Self {
+        Expression::Integer(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<f64> for Expression {
+    fn from(value: f64) -> Self {
+        Expression::Float(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<String> for Expression {
+    fn from(value: String) -> Self {
+        Expression::String(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for Expression {
+    fn from(value: bool) -> Self {
+        if value {
+            Expression::True
+        } else {
+            Expression::Nil
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl TryFrom<Expression> for i64 {
     type Error = EvalError;
     fn try_from(value: Expression) -> Result<i64, Self::Error> {
@@ -313,6 +416,9 @@ impl Display for Expression {
                 }
             }
             Expression::Function(_) => write!(f, "<function>"),
+            Expression::Closure { layer, body } => {
+                write!(f, "(closure captured={}, body={})", layer, body)
+            }
             Expression::AnonymousFunction {
                 argument_symbols,
                 body,

lispers-core/src/lisp/prelude.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use crate::parser::ExpressionStream;
+use crate::parser::ParserError;
+
 use super::environment::Environment;
 use super::environment::EnvironmentLayer;
 use super::eval::eval;
@@ -5,6 +8,7 @@ use super::eval::CellIterator;
 use super::eval::EvalError;
 use super::expression::Expression;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 pub fn prelude_add(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
     let [a, b] = expr.try_into()?;
@@ -144,13 +148,18 @@ pub fn prelude_let(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, Ev
         })
         .collect::<Result<HashMap<String, Expression>, EvalError>>()?;
 
-    eval(&env.overlay(bindings.into()), body)
+    Ok(Expression::Closure {
+        layer: bindings.into(),
+        body: Box::new(body),
+    })
 }
 
 pub fn prelude_if(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
-    let [predicate, e_then, e_else] = expr.try_into()?;
+    let [predicate, e_then, e_else]: [Expression; 3] = expr.try_into()?;
 
-    match eval(env, predicate)? {
+    let val = eval(env, predicate.clone())?;
+
+    match val {
         Expression::Nil => eval(env, e_else),
         _ => eval(env, e_then),
     }
@@ -213,10 +222,17 @@ pub fn prelude_set(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, Ev
     }
 }
 
+pub fn prelude_println(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [e] = expr.try_into()?;
+    let e = eval(env, e)?;
+    println!("{}", e);
+    Ok(e)
+}
+
 pub fn prelude_print(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
     let [e] = expr.try_into()?;
     let e = eval(env, e)?;
-    println!("Prelude: {}", e);
+    print!("{}", e);
     Ok(e)
 }
 
@@ -255,6 +271,123 @@ pub fn prelude_progn(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression,
     Ok(result)
 }
 
+pub fn prelude_list(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let exprs: Vec<Expression> = expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let evaled_exprs: Vec<_> = exprs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|e| eval(env, e.to_owned()))
+        .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok(evaled_exprs.into())
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_append(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let exprs: Vec<Expression> = expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let evaled_exprs: Vec<_> = exprs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|e| eval(env, e.to_owned())?.try_into())
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<Vec<Expression>>, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok(evaled_exprs.concat().into())
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_concat(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let exprs: Vec<Expression> = expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let evaled_exprs: Vec<String> = exprs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|e| eval(env, e.to_owned())?.try_into())
+        .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok(evaled_exprs.concat().into())
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_map(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [f, list]: [Expression; 2] = expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let f = eval(env, f)?;
+    let list: Vec<Expression> = eval(env, list)?.try_into()?;
+
+    let list: Vec<Expression> = list
+        .iter()
+        .map(|e| {
+            eval(
+                env,
+                Expression::Cell(
+                    Box::new(f.clone()),
+                    Box::new(Expression::Cell(
+                        Box::new(e.to_owned()),
+                        Box::new(Expression::Nil),
+                    )),
+                ),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok(list.into())
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_to_string(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [e] = expr.try_into()?;
+    Ok(Expression::String(format!("{}", eval(env, e)?)))
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_load(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [expr] = expr.try_into()?;
+    let lisp_string: String = eval(env, expr)?.try_into()?;
+
+    let mut last_result = Expression::Nil;
+
+    for expr in ExpressionStream::from_char_stream(lisp_string.chars())
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<Expression>, ParserError>>()?
+    {
+        last_result = eval(env, expr)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(last_result)
+}
+
+pub fn prelude_include(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [expr] = expr.try_into()?;
+    let lisp_file: String = eval(env, expr)?.try_into()?;
+
+    println!("From File: {}", env.get("FILE").unwrap());
+
+    // Try to resolve as relative to FILE
+    let resolved_lisp_file: PathBuf = PathBuf::from(
+        env.get("FILE")
+            .map(|x| x.try_into())
+            .unwrap_or(Ok(String::new()))?,
+    )
+    .canonicalize()
+    .map_err(|x| EvalError::RuntimeError(x.to_string()))?
+    .parent()
+    .ok_or(EvalError::RuntimeError(
+        "Could not get parent of current file.".to_string(),
+    ))?
+    .join(&lisp_file);
+
+    println!("Loading {}", resolved_lisp_file.display());
+
+    let lisp_string = std::fs::read_to_string(&resolved_lisp_file)
+        .map_err(|e| EvalError::RuntimeError(e.to_string()))?;
+
+    // Use enviroment for resolved file or fallback to the lisp_file argument
+    let mut env = env.mk_inner();
+    env.set(
+        "FILE".to_string(),
+        resolved_lisp_file
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap_or(&lisp_file)
+            .to_string()
+            .into(),
+    );
+
+    prelude_load(&env, [lisp_string.into()].into())
+}
+
 pub fn mk_prelude(layer: &mut EnvironmentLayer) {
     layer.set("+".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_add));
     layer.set("-".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_sub));
@@ -270,10 +403,21 @@ pub fn mk_prelude(layer: &mut EnvironmentLayer) {
     layer.set("not".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_not));
     layer.set("let".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_let));
     layer.set("set".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_set));
+    layer.set("println".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_println));
     layer.set("print".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_print));
     layer.set("cons".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_cons));
     layer.set("car".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_car));
     layer.set("cdr".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_cdr));
     layer.set("eval".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_eval));
     layer.set("progn".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_progn));
+    layer.set("list".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_list));
+    layer.set("append".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_append));
+    layer.set("concat".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_concat));
+    layer.set("map".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_map));
+    layer.set(
+        "to-string".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(prelude_to_string),
+    );
+    layer.set("load".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_load));
+    layer.set("include".to_string(), Expression::Function(prelude_include));
 }

lispers-core/src/parser/parser.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use super::tokenizer::tokenize;
 use super::tokenizer::TokenStream;
 use super::tokenizer::TokenizerError;
 use crate::lisp::Expression;
+use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::iter::Peekable;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ pub enum ParserError {
     UnexpectedToken(Token),
     TokenizerError(TokenizerError),
     UnexpectedEndOfInput,
+    RuntimeError(String),
 }
 
 impl From<TokenizerError> for ParserError {
@@ -18,6 +20,17 @@ impl From<TokenizerError> for ParserError {
     }
 }
 
+impl Display for ParserError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ParserError::TokenizerError(t) => write!(f, "Tokenizer Error: {}", t),
+            ParserError::UnexpectedToken(t) => write!(f, "Unexpecte Token: {}", t),
+            ParserError::UnexpectedEndOfInput => write!(f, "Unexpected end of input."),
+            ParserError::RuntimeError(s) => write!(f, "{}", s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn parse_list<I>(stream: &mut Peekable<TokenStream<I>>) -> Result<Expression, ParserError>
 where
     I: Iterator<Item = char>,

lispers-core/src/parser/token.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+/// Sum type of different tokens
+pub enum Token {
+    FloatLiteral(f64),
+    IntLiteral(i64),
+    Dot,
+    Nil,
+    ParClose,
+    ParOpen,
+    Quote,
+    StringLiteral(String),
+    Symbol(String),
+    True,
+}
+
+impl Display for Token {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Token::FloatLiteral(x) => write!(f, "{}", x),
+            Token::IntLiteral(x) => write!(f, "{}", x),
+            Token::Dot => write!(f, "."),
+            Token::Nil => write!(f, "nil"),
+            Token::ParClose => write!(f, ")"),
+            Token::ParOpen => write!(f, "("),
+            Token::Quote => write!(f, "'"),
+            Token::StringLiteral(x) => write!(f, "\"{}\"", x),
+            Token::Symbol(x) => write!(f, "{}", x),
+            Token::True => write!(f, "true"),
+        }
+    }
+}

lispers-core/src/parser/tokenizer.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
 use super::token::Token;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -7,6 +9,14 @@ pub enum TokenizerError {
     UnmatchedSequence(String),
 }
 
+impl Display for TokenizerError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            TokenizerError::UnmatchedSequence(s) => write!(f, "Unmatched sequence: {}", s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A reader used to wrap the `TokenStream`.
 /// When reading, it starts with the staging buffer of the stream, once
 /// it's end is reached, the input stream is copied character wise to
@@ -294,7 +304,9 @@ where
     let mut buf = String::new();
 
     while let Some(c) = reader.next() {
-        if c.is_ascii_digit() {
+        if buf.is_empty() && c == '-' {
+            buf.push(c);
+        } else if c.is_ascii_digit() {
             buf.push(c);
         } else {
             reader.step_back(1);
@@ -317,7 +329,9 @@ where
     let mut has_dot = false;
 
     while let Some(c) = reader.next() {
-        if c.is_ascii_digit() {
+        if buf.is_empty() && c == '-' {
+            buf.push(c);
+        } else if c.is_ascii_digit() {
             buf.push(c);
         } else if c == '.' && !has_dot {
             buf.push(c);
@@ -337,11 +351,12 @@ where
 
 #[test]
 fn test_tokenize() {
-    let test_str = "(\"abcdefg( )123\" )(\n\t 'nil true \"true\")00987463 123.125 . 0+-*/go=";
+    let test_str =
+        "(\"abcdefg( )123\" )(\n\t 'nil true \"true\")00987463 123.125 -20 -3.14 . 0+-*/go=";
 
     let result: Vec<_> = tokenize(&mut test_str.chars()).collect();
 
-    assert_eq!(result.len(), 13);
+    assert_eq!(result.len(), 15);
     assert_eq!(result[0].clone().unwrap(), Token::ParOpen);
     assert_eq!(
         result[1].clone().unwrap(),
@@ -359,9 +374,11 @@ fn test_tokenize() {
     assert_eq!(result[8].clone().unwrap(), Token::ParClose);
     assert_eq!(result[9].clone().unwrap(), Token::IntLiteral(987463));
     assert_eq!(result[10].clone().unwrap(), Token::FloatLiteral(123.125));
-    assert_eq!(result[11].clone().unwrap(), Token::Dot);
+    assert_eq!(result[11].clone().unwrap(), Token::IntLiteral(-20));
+    assert_eq!(result[12].clone().unwrap(), Token::FloatLiteral(-3.14));
+    assert_eq!(result[13].clone().unwrap(), Token::Dot);
     assert_eq!(
-        result[12].clone().unwrap(),
+        result[14].clone().unwrap(),
         Token::Symbol("0+-*/go=".to_string())
     );
 }

lispers-macro/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "lispers-macro"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1.0.106"
+quote = "1.0.45"
+syn = "2.0.117"

lispers-macro/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+extern crate proc_macro;
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::{parse_macro_input, punctuated::Punctuated, FnArg, Ident, ItemFn, Pat, PatType, Token};
+
+enum FlagOrKV {
+    Flag(Ident),
+    KV(Ident, Ident),
+}
+
+impl syn::parse::Parse for FlagOrKV {
+    fn parse(input: syn::parse::ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
+        let ident: Ident = input.parse()?;
+        if input.peek(Token![=]) {
+            input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+            let value: Ident = input.parse()?;
+            Ok(FlagOrKV::KV(ident, value))
+        } else {
+            Ok(FlagOrKV::Flag(ident))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct NativeLispAttrs {
+    pub eval: bool,
+    pub fname: Option<Ident>,
+}
+
+impl syn::parse::Parse for NativeLispAttrs {
+    fn parse(input: syn::parse::ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
+        let exprs = Punctuated::<FlagOrKV, Token![,]>::parse_terminated(input)?;
+
+        let mut ret = NativeLispAttrs {
+            eval: false,
+            fname: None,
+        };
+
+        for e in exprs {
+            match e {
+                FlagOrKV::Flag(flag) => {
+                    if flag.to_string() == "eval" {
+                        ret.eval = true;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(flag, "Unknown flag"));
+                    }
+                }
+                FlagOrKV::KV(k, v) => {
+                    if k.to_string() == "fname" {
+                        ret.fname = Some(v);
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(k, "Unknown key"));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+struct NativeLispProxyAttrs {
+    pub eval: bool,
+    pub fname: Ident,
+    pub dispatcher: Vec<Ident>,
+}
+
+impl syn::parse::Parse for NativeLispProxyAttrs {
+    fn parse(input: syn::parse::ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
+        let exprs = Punctuated::<FlagOrKV, Token![,]>::parse_terminated(input)?;
+
+        let mut ret = NativeLispProxyAttrs {
+            eval: false,
+            fname: Ident::new("proxy", proc_macro2::Span::call_site()),
+            dispatcher: Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        for e in exprs {
+            match e {
+                FlagOrKV::Flag(flag) => {
+                    if flag.to_string() == "eval" {
+                        ret.eval = true;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(flag, "Unknown flag"));
+                    }
+                }
+                FlagOrKV::KV(k, v) => {
+                    if k.to_string() == "dispatch" {
+                        ret.dispatcher.push(v);
+                    } else if k.to_string() == "fname" {
+                        ret.fname = v;
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(k, "Unknown key"));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_attribute]
+pub fn native_lisp_function(attr: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    // Parse function
+    let input = parse_macro_input!(item as ItemFn);
+    let vis = &input.vis;
+    let sig = &input.sig;
+    let func_name = &sig.ident;
+    let block = &input.block;
+    let ret = &sig.output;
+
+    // Parse attrs
+    let attr = parse_macro_input!(attr as NativeLispAttrs);
+
+    // Extract argument conversion statements
+    let mut conversion_statements = Vec::new();
+
+    for arg in &sig.inputs {
+        if let FnArg::Typed(PatType { pat, ty, .. }) = arg {
+            if let Pat::Ident(ident) = pat.as_ref() {
+                let arg_name_str = ident.ident.to_string();
+                if attr.eval {
+                    conversion_statements.push(quote! {
+                        let #ident: #ty = eval(env, args_iter.next().ok_or(EvalError::ArgumentError(format!("Missing Argument {}", #arg_name_str)))?)?.try_into()?;
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    conversion_statements.push(quote! {
+                        let #ident: #ty = args_iter.next().ok_or(EvalError::ArgumentError(format!("Missing Argument {}", #arg_name_str)))?.try_into()?;
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let func_name = match attr.fname {
+        Some(fname) => fname,
+        None => func_name.clone(),
+    };
+
+    quote! {
+        #vis fn #func_name(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+            let args: Vec<Expression> = expr.try_into()?;
+            let mut args_iter = args.into_iter();
+
+            #(#conversion_statements)*
+
+            Ok((|| #ret #block)()?.into())
+        }
+    }
+    .into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn native_lisp_function_proxy(item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let args = parse_macro_input!(item as NativeLispProxyAttrs);
+    let fname = &args.fname;
+
+    let eval_statement = if args.eval {
+        quote! {
+            let exprs: Vec<Expression> = expr.try_into()?;
+            let exprs = exprs.into_iter().map(|expr| eval(env, expr)).collect::<Result<Vec<Expression>, EvalError>>()?;
+            let expr: Expression = exprs.into();
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {}
+    };
+
+    let try_apply_statements = args
+        .dispatcher
+        .iter()
+        .map(|impl_name| {
+            quote! {
+                match #impl_name(env, expr.clone()) {
+                    Err(EvalError::ArgumentError(e)) => {/*Pass*/},
+                    Err(EvalError::TypeError(e)) => {/*Pass*/},
+                    x => return x,
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let fname_str = fname.to_string();
+    quote! {
+        fn #fname(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+            #eval_statement
+
+            #(#try_apply_statements)*
+
+            Err(EvalError::TypeError(format!("Could not call {} with arguments {} ", #fname_str, expr).to_string()))
+        }
+    }
+    .into()
+}

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.80.1"
+channel = "1.93.1"
 components = [ "rustfmt", "rustc-dev", "rust-analyzer", "rust-src"]

scenes/demo-1.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+(set 'red
+     (material
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 0.5 0 0)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'blue
+     (material
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 0.6)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'green
+     (material
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 0.6 0)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'white
+     (material
+      (color 1 1 1)
+      (color 1 1 1)
+      (color 0.6 0.6 0.6)
+      100 0.5))
+(set 'black
+     (material
+      (color 0 0 0)
+      (color 0 0 0)
+      (color 0.6 0.6 0.6)
+      100 0.5))
+
+(set 's1
+     (sphere
+      (point 0 1 0) 1 blue))
+(set 's2
+     (sphere
+      (point 2 0.5 2) 0.5 green))
+
+(defun spiral-sphere (i n)
+  (sphere
+   (progn
+     (print "Spiral Sphere at: ")
+     (println (point
+               (* 2 (cos (/ (* i 6.2) n)))
+               0.5
+               (* 2 (sin (/ (* i 6.2) n)))))
+     )
+   0.5 red))
+
+(defun spiral (scn i n)
+  (if (< i n)
+      (scene-add
+       (spiral scn (+ i 1) n)
+       (spiral-sphere i n))
+      scn))
+
+(set 'p1
+     (checkerboard
+      (point 0 0 0)
+      (vector 0 1 0)
+      black white 0.5
+      (vector 0.5 0 1)))
+
+(set 'l1 (light (point 3 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+(set 'l2 (light (point 2 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+
+
+(set 'scn (scene
+           (color 0.1 0.1 0.1)
+           '(s1 s2 p1)
+           '(l1 l2)))
+
+(set 'scn (spiral scn 0.0 10.0))
+
+(println (cons "Final Scene:" scn))
+
+(set 'cam (camera (point 0 3 6) (point 0 0 0) (vector 0 1 0) 40 1920 1080))
+
+(render cam scn 5 4 "demo-1.png")

scenes/demo-2.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+(include "./materials.lisp")
+
+(set 's1
+     (sphere
+      (point 0 1 0) 1 blue))
+(set 's2
+     (sphere
+      (point 2 0.5 2) 0.5 green))
+
+(set 'mirror-dome
+     (sphere
+      (point 0 -17 0)
+      30 dark-mirror))
+
+(defun spiral-sphere (i n t)
+  (sphere
+   (progn
+     (point
+      (* 2 (cos (/ (* i 6.2) n)))
+      (+ 0.5 (* 0.3 (cos (+ (/ (* i 6.2) n) (/ t 5.0)))))
+      (* 2 (sin (/ (* i 6.2) n))))
+     )
+   0.2 red))
+
+(defun spiral (scn i n t)
+  (if (< i n)
+      (scene-add
+       (spiral scn (+ i 1) n t)
+       (spiral-sphere i n t))
+      scn))
+
+(set 'p1
+     (checkerboard
+      (point 0 0 0)
+      (vector 0 1 0)
+      black white 0.5
+      (vector 0.5 0 1)))
+
+(set 'l1 (light (point 3 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+(set 'l2 (light (point 2 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+
+
+(set 'scn-base (scene
+                (color 0.1 0.1 0.1)
+                '(s1 s2 p1 mirror-dome)
+                '(l1 l2)))
+
+(set 'cam (camera (point 0 3 6) (point 0 0 0) (vector 0 1 0) 40 1920 1080))
+
+(defun scene-fn (t)
+  (spiral scn-base 0 30 t))
+
+(defun cam-fn (t c)
+  (let '((pos . (point -3 0.5 8))
+         (cnt . (point 0 0 0))
+         (to . (point -3 0.5 -8))
+         (up . (vector 0 1 0))
+         (fovy . 80)
+         (pct . (/ t 300.0)))
+    (let '((tpos . (+ pos (* (- to pos) pct)))
+           (tfovy . (+ fovy (* 40 pct)))
+           )
+      (camera-reposition c tpos cnt up tfovy)
+      )
+    ))
+
+(render-animation cam "demo-animation.mp4" scene-fn cam-fn 400 30 7 2)

scenes/demo-3.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+(set 'red
+     (material
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 0.5 0 0)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'blue
+     (material
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 0.6)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'green
+     (material
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 0.6 0)
+      50 0.25))
+
+(set 'mandelbrot-red
+     (mandelbrot-texture
+      1800.0
+      (point2 -0.7489967346191402 -0.06952285766601607)
+      1000
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      ))
+
+(set 'mandelbrot-blue
+     (mandelbrot-texture
+      1800.0
+      (point2 -0.7489967346191402 -0.06952285766601607)
+      1000
+      (color 0 0 0.3)
+      (color 0 0 0.3)
+      (color 0 0 0.3)
+      ))
+
+(set 's1
+     (sphere
+      (point 0 1 0) 1 blue))
+(set 's2
+     (sphere
+      (point 2 0.5 2) 0.5 green))
+
+
+(set 'p1
+     (texture-plane
+      mandelbrot-red
+      (point 0 0 0)
+      (vector 0 1 0)
+      1.0
+      (vector 1 0 0)))
+
+(set 'l1 (light (point 3 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+(set 'l2 (light (point 2 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+
+
+(set 'scn (scene
+           (color 0.1 0.1 0.1)
+           '(s1 s2 p1)
+           '(l1 l2)))
+
+(println (cons "Final Scene:" scn))
+
+(set 'cam (camera (point 0 3 6) (point 0 0 0) (vector 0 1 0) 40 1920 1080))
+
+(render cam scn 5 4 "demo-3.png")

scenes/demo-4.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+(include "./materials.lisp")
+
+(set 'frames 300)
+(set 'fps 30)
+(set 'ray-depth 5)
+(set 'sub-pixel 2)
+
+(set 'mz (mandel-zoom frames 1800 5000))
+
+(defun mandel-plane (t)
+  (texture-plane
+   (mz t)
+   (point 0 0 0)
+   (vector 0 1 0)
+   1.0
+   (vector 1 0 0)
+   ))
+
+(set 'l1 (light (point 3 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+(set 'l2 (light (point 2 10 5) (color 1 1 1)))
+
+(defun scn (t)
+  (scene
+   (color 0.1 0.1 0.1)
+   '((mandel-plane t))
+   '(l1 l2)
+   ))
+
+(defun cam (t c) c)
+
+(set 'base-cam
+     (camera
+      (point 0 3 6)
+      (point 0 0 0)
+      (vector 0 1 0)
+      40 1920 1080))
+
+
+(render-animation
+ base-cam
+ "demo-4-animation.mp4"
+ scn
+ cam
+ frames
+ fps
+ ray-depth
+ sub-pixel)

scenes/materials.lisp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+(set 'red
+     (material
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 1 0 0)
+      (color 0.5 0 0)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'blue
+     (material
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 1)
+      (color 0 0 0.6)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'green
+     (material
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 1 0)
+      (color 0 0.6 0)
+      50 0.25))
+(set 'white
+     (material
+      (color 1 1 1)
+      (color 1 1 1)
+      (color 0.6 0.6 0.6)
+      100 0.4))
+(set 'black
+     (material
+      (color 0 0 0)
+      (color 0 0 0)
+      (color 0.6 0.6 0.6)
+      100 0.4))
+
+(set 'dark-mirror
+     (material
+      (color 0.01 0.05 0.15)
+      (color 0.01 0.05 0.15)
+      (color 0.01 0.05 0.15)
+      20 0.7))
+
+(set 'mandelbrot-red
+     (mandelbrot-texture
+      1800.0
+      (point2 -0.7489967346191402 -0.06952285766601607)
+      1000
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      (color 0.3 0 0)
+      ))
+
+
+(defun mandel-zoom (n z1 z2)
+  (let '((n . n)
+         (z1 . z1)
+         (z2 . z2))
+    (lambda (t)
+      (let '((pct . (/ t (* n 1.0)))
+             (range . (- z2 z1)))
+        (mandelbrot-texture
+         (+ z1 (* pct range))
+         (point2 -0.7489967346191402 -0.06952285766601607)
+         1000
+         (color 0.3 0 0)
+         (color 0.3 0 0)
+         (color 0.3 0 0)
+         )
+        )))
+  )

src/bin/lisp_demo.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use lispers::lisp::{eval, Environment};
+use lispers_core::lisp::{eval, Environment};
-use lispers::parser::ExpressionStream;
+use lispers_core::parser::ExpressionStream;
 
 fn main() {
     let programs = [
@@ -8,13 +8,20 @@ fn main() {
         "(print myvar) (print 'myvar)",
         "(car (cons 'a 'b)) (cdr (cons 'c 'd)) (cons 'a 'b)",
         "(eval (car (cons 'myvar 'b)))",
+        "(defun test (i) (progn (println i) (* 2 i)))",
+        "(test 10)",
         "(set 'pow (lambda (a b) (if (= b 0) 1 (* a (pow a (- b 1))))))",
         "pow",
         "(pow 2 10)",
         "(let '((fib . (lambda (n) (if (< n 2) n (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2))))))) (fib 10))",
         "(defun do-n-times (f n) (if (= n 0) '() (cons (f) (do-n-times f (- n 1)))))",
-        "(do-n-times (lambda () (print 'hello)) 5)",
+        "(do-n-times (lambda () (println 'hello)) 5)",
         "(progn (print 'hello) (print 'world))",
+        "(load \"(defun loaded-foo (x) (+ x 1))\")",
+        "(loaded-foo 1)",
+        "(defun bind-test (x) (let '((x . x)) (lambda (y) (+ x y))))",
+        "(set 'add10 (bind-test 10))",
+        "(add10 10)",
     ];
 
     let environment = Environment::default();
@@ -29,7 +36,10 @@ fn main() {
                 println!("Evaluating: {}", expr.clone());
                 match eval(&environment, expr) {
                     Ok(e) => println!("=> {}", e),
-                    Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        println!("Error: {}", e);
+                        return;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/bin/repl.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use lispers::lisp::Expression;
+use lispers_core::lisp::Expression;
-use lispers::parser::ParserError;
+use lispers_core::parser::ParserError;
 
-use lispers::{lisp, parser};
+use lispers_core::{lisp, parser};
 use std::io::Write;
 
 fn main() {

src/bin/rt_demo.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ use lispers::raytracer::{
     plane::Checkerboard,
     scene::Scene,
     sphere::Sphere,
-    types::{Color, Light, Material, Point3, Vector3},
+    types::{Color, Light, Material, Point3, RTObjectWrapper, Vector3},
 };
 extern crate nalgebra as na;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 fn main() {
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ fn main() {
         color: Color::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
     });
 
-    scene.add_object(Arc::new(Checkerboard::new(
+    scene.add_object(RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(Checkerboard::new(
         Point3::new(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
         Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
         Material::new(
@@ -42,9 +41,9 @@ fn main() {
         ),
         0.3,
         Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
-    )));
+    ))));
 
-    scene.add_object(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+    scene.add_object(RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(Sphere::new(
         Point3::new(-2.0, 0.0, 1.0),
         1.0,
         Material::new(
@@ -54,9 +53,9 @@ fn main() {
             20.0,
             0.3,
         ),
-    )));
+    ))));
 
-    scene.add_object(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+    scene.add_object(RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(Sphere::new(
         Point3::new(0.2, -0.5, -0.2),
         0.5,
         Material::new(
@@ -66,9 +65,9 @@ fn main() {
             20.0,
             0.3,
         ),
-    )));
+    ))));
 
-    scene.add_object(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+    scene.add_object(RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(Sphere::new(
         Point3::new(-0.5, 0.5, -2.0),
         1.5,
         Material::new(
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ fn main() {
             20.0,
             0.3,
         ),
-    )));
+    ))));
 
     let camera = Camera::new(
         Point3::new(0.0, 0.7, 5.0),

src/bin/rt_interp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use std::env;
+
+use lispers::raytracer::lisp::mk_raytrace;
+use lispers_core::lisp::environment::EnvironmentLayer;
+use lispers_core::lisp::prelude::mk_prelude;
+use lispers_core::lisp::{eval, Environment};
+use lispers_core::parser::ExpressionStream;
+
+fn main() {
+    let program_paths: Vec<_> = env::args().skip(1).collect();
+    let programs: Vec<_> = program_paths
+        .iter()
+        .map(|path| std::fs::read_to_string(path).unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut layer = EnvironmentLayer::new();
+    mk_prelude(&mut layer);
+    mk_raytrace(&mut layer);
+
+    let mut environment = Environment::from_layer(layer);
+
+    for (program, path) in programs.iter().zip(program_paths) {
+        environment.set("FILE".to_string(), path.clone().into());
+
+        for (i, r) in ExpressionStream::from_char_stream(program.chars()).enumerate() {
+            match r {
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!(
+                        "ParserError in File {} Expression {}: {:?}",
+                        path,
+                        i + 1,
+                        err
+                    );
+                    break;
+                }
+                Ok(expr) => match eval(&environment, expr) {
+                    Ok(_) => {}
+                    Err(e) => println!("Error evaluating Expression {}: {}", i + 1, e),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("Interpreter Done!");
+}

src/bin/rt_lisp_demo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use lispers::raytracer::lisp::mk_raytrace;
+use lispers_core::lisp::environment::EnvironmentLayer;
+use lispers_core::lisp::prelude::mk_prelude;
+use lispers_core::lisp::{eval, Environment};
+use lispers_core::parser::ExpressionStream;
+
+const SCENES_DIR: &str = env!("SCENES_DIR");
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Loading scenes from directory: {}", SCENES_DIR);
+
+    let mut scenes = HashMap::new();
+    for e in std::fs::read_dir(Path::new(SCENES_DIR)).expect("Failed to read scenes directory") {
+        let e = e.expect("Failed to read scene file");
+        let t = e.file_type().expect("Failed to read scene file type");
+        let n = e
+            .file_name()
+            .into_string()
+            .expect("Failed to read scene file name");
+        if t.is_file() && n.starts_with("demo-") && n.ends_with(".lisp") {
+            scenes.insert(n, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let args: Vec<_> = std::env::args().collect();
+
+    if args.len() != 2 {
+        println!("Usage: {} <scene-file.lisp>", args[0]);
+        println!("Available scene files:");
+        for name in scenes.keys() {
+            println!("  {}", name);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut layer = EnvironmentLayer::new();
+    mk_prelude(&mut layer);
+    mk_raytrace(&mut layer);
+    let mut environment = Environment::from_layer(layer);
+    environment.set(
+        "FILE".to_string(),
+        scenes
+            .get(&args[1])
+            .expect("Scene file not found")
+            .path()
+            .display()
+            .to_string()
+            .into(),
+    );
+
+    for r in ExpressionStream::from_char_stream(
+        std::fs::read_to_string(scenes.get(&args[1]).expect("Scene file not found").path())
+            .expect("Failed to read scene file")
+            .chars(),
+    ) {
+        match r {
+            Err(err) => {
+                println!("ParserError: {:?}", err);
+                return;
+            }
+            Ok(expr) => {
+                println!("Evaluating: {}", expr.clone());
+                match eval(&environment, expr) {
+                    Ok(e) => println!("=> {}", e),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        println!("Error: {}", e);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("Interpreter Done!");
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-pub mod lisp;
-pub mod parser;
 pub mod raytracer;

src/parser/token.rs

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-/// Sum type of different tokens
-pub enum Token {
-    FloatLiteral(f64),
-    IntLiteral(i64),
-    Dot,
-    Nil,
-    ParClose,
-    ParOpen,
-    Quote,
-    StringLiteral(String),
-    Symbol(String),
-    True,
-}

src/raytracer/camera.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+use std::{fmt::Display, path::Path};
+
 use super::{
     scene::Scene,
     types::{Color, Point3, Ray, Scalar, Vector3},
+    RTError,
 };
 use image::RgbImage;
+use lispers_core::lisp::eval::EvalError;
+use ndarray::Array3;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
+use video_rs::{encode::Settings, Encoder, Time};
 
 /// A camera that can render a scene.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub struct Camera {
     /// Position of the camera's eye.
     position: Point3,
@@ -105,4 +112,70 @@ impl Camera {
         });
         img
     }
+
+    pub fn reposition(
+        &self,
+        position: Point3,
+        center: Point3,
+        up: Vector3,
+        fovy: Scalar,
+    ) -> Camera {
+        Camera::new(position, center, up, fovy, self.width, self.height)
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_animation<
+        SFn: Fn(u32) -> Result<Scene, EvalError>,
+        CFn: Fn(u32, &Camera) -> Result<Camera, EvalError>,
+    >(
+        &self,
+        path: &Path,
+        scene_fn: SFn,
+        update_cam: CFn,
+        frames: u32,
+        fps: u32,
+        depth: u32,
+        subp: u32,
+    ) -> Result<(), RTError> {
+        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(
+            path,
+            Settings::preset_h264_yuv420p(self.width, self.height, false),
+        )?;
+        let frame_duration = Time::from_nth_of_a_second(fps as usize);
+        let mut timestamp = Time::zero();
+
+        let mut cam = self.to_owned();
+        for t in 0..frames {
+            println!(
+                "Rendering frame {}/{} for {}",
+                t + 1,
+                frames,
+                path.display()
+            );
+            cam = update_cam(t, &cam)?;
+            let img = cam.render(&scene_fn(t)?, depth, subp);
+
+            let frame = Array3::from_shape_fn((self.height, self.width, 3), |(y, x, c)| {
+                img.get_pixel(x as u32, y as u32)[c]
+            });
+
+            encoder.encode(&frame, timestamp)?;
+            timestamp = timestamp.aligned_with(frame_duration).add();
+        }
+
+        encoder.finish()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Camera {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Camera {{ position: {}, lower_left: {}, x_dir: {}, y_dir: {}, width: {}, height: {} }}",
+            self.position, self.lower_left, self.x_dir, self.y_dir, self.width, self.height)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Camera {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
 }

src/raytracer/lisp.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use crate::raytracer::{
+    scene::Scene,
+    sphere::TextureSphere,
+    texture::TextureWrapper,
+    types::{Light, Point2},
+};
+
+use lispers_macro::{native_lisp_function, native_lisp_function_proxy};
+
+use lispers_core::lisp::{
+    environment::EnvironmentLayer,
+    eval::{eval, EvalError},
+    expression::ForeignDataWrapper,
+    Environment, Expression,
+};
+
+use super::{
+    camera::Camera,
+    plane::{Checkerboard, Plane, TexturePlane},
+    sphere::Sphere,
+    texture::MandelbrotTexture,
+    types::{Color, Material, Point3, RTObjectWrapper, Vector3},
+    RTError,
+};
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn point(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Point3::new(x, y, z)))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn point2(x: f64, y: f64) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point2>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Point2::new(x, y)))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn vector(x: f64, y: f64, z: f64) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Vector3::new(x, y, z)))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn color(r: f64, g: f64, b: f64) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Color>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Color::new(r, g, b)))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn light(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    col: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Light>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Light::new(*pos, *col)))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn material(
+    amb: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+    dif: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+    spe: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+    shi: f64,
+    mir: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Material>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Material::new(
+        *amb, *dif, *spe, shi, mir,
+    )))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn sphere(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    rad: f64,
+    mat: ForeignDataWrapper<Material>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(RTObjectWrapper::from(Sphere::new(*pos, rad, *mat))).into())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn texture_sphere(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    rad: f64,
+    tex: ForeignDataWrapper<TextureWrapper>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(
+        ForeignDataWrapper::new(RTObjectWrapper::from(TextureSphere::new(
+            *pos,
+            rad,
+            tex.clone(),
+        )))
+        .into(),
+    )
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn plane(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    dir: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    mat: ForeignDataWrapper<Material>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(RTObjectWrapper::from(Plane::new(*pos, *dir, *mat))).into())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn checkerboard(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    norm: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    mat1: ForeignDataWrapper<Material>,
+    mat2: ForeignDataWrapper<Material>,
+    sca: f64,
+    up: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(
+        ForeignDataWrapper::new(RTObjectWrapper::from(Checkerboard::new(
+            *pos, *norm, *mat1, *mat2, sca, *up,
+        )))
+        .into(),
+    )
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn texture_plane(
+    texture: ForeignDataWrapper<TextureWrapper>,
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    norm: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    sca: f64,
+    up: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(
+        ForeignDataWrapper::new(RTObjectWrapper::from(TexturePlane::new(
+            *pos,
+            *norm,
+            texture.clone(),
+            sca,
+            *up,
+        )))
+        .into(),
+    )
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn mandelbrot_texture(
+    scale: f64,
+    at: ForeignDataWrapper<Point2>,
+    max_iter: i64,
+    ambient_color: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+    diffuse_color: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+    specular_color: ForeignDataWrapper<Color>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<TextureWrapper>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(TextureWrapper::new(
+        MandelbrotTexture::new(
+            scale,
+            *at,
+            max_iter as u32,
+            *ambient_color,
+            *diffuse_color,
+            *specular_color,
+        ),
+    )))
+}
+
+pub fn scene(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [amb, objs, lgts]: [Expression; 3] = expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let amb: ForeignDataWrapper<Color> = eval(env, amb)?.try_into()?;
+    let objs: Vec<Expression> = eval(env, objs)?.try_into()?;
+    let lgts: Vec<Expression> = eval(env, lgts)?.try_into()?;
+
+    let mut scene = Scene::new();
+
+    scene.set_ambient(*amb);
+    for o in objs {
+        let o: ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper> = eval(env, o)?.try_into()?;
+        scene.add_object(o.clone());
+    }
+    for l in lgts {
+        let l: ForeignDataWrapper<Light> = eval(env, l)?.try_into()?;
+        scene.add_light(*l);
+    }
+
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(scene).into())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn scene_add_object(
+    mut sce: ForeignDataWrapper<Scene>,
+    obj: ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Scene>, EvalError> {
+    sce.add_object(obj.clone());
+    Ok(sce)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn scene_add_light(
+    mut sce: ForeignDataWrapper<Scene>,
+    lgt: ForeignDataWrapper<Light>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Scene>, EvalError> {
+    sce.add_light(*lgt);
+    Ok(sce)
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = scene_add,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = scene_add_object,
+    dispatch = scene_add_light
+);
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn camera(
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    cnt: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    up: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    fovy: f64,
+    w: i64,
+    h: i64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Camera>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(Camera::new(
+        *pos, *cnt, *up, fovy, w as usize, h as usize,
+    )))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn camera_reposition(
+    cam: ForeignDataWrapper<Camera>,
+    pos: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    cnt: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    up: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    fovy: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Camera>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(
+        cam.to_owned().reposition(*pos, *cnt, *up, fovy),
+    ))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn render(
+    cam: ForeignDataWrapper<Camera>,
+    sce: ForeignDataWrapper<Scene>,
+    dpt: i64,
+    sbp: i64,
+    out: String,
+) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    println!("Rendering to {}...", out);
+    let img = cam.render(&sce, dpt as u32, sbp as u32);
+
+    match img.save(out) {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(Expression::Nil),
+        Err(e) => Err(EvalError::RuntimeError(e.to_string())),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn render_animation(env: &Environment, expr: Expression) -> Result<Expression, EvalError> {
+    let [cam, path, scene_fn, update_cam, frames, fps, depth, subp]: [Expression; 8] =
+        expr.try_into()?;
+
+    let cam: ForeignDataWrapper<Camera> = eval(env, cam)?.try_into()?;
+    let path: String = eval(env, path)?.try_into()?;
+    let frames: i64 = eval(env, frames)?.try_into()?;
+    let fps: i64 = eval(env, fps)?.try_into()?;
+    let depth: i64 = eval(env, depth)?.try_into()?;
+    let subp: i64 = eval(env, subp)?.try_into()?;
+
+    let sfn = |t: u32| -> Result<Scene, EvalError> {
+        let scene_fn_call: Expression = [scene_fn.clone(), (t as i64).into()].into();
+        let scn: ForeignDataWrapper<Scene> = eval(env, scene_fn_call)?.try_into()?;
+        Ok(scn.to_owned())
+    };
+
+    let ucm = |t: u32, c: &Camera| -> Result<Camera, EvalError> {
+        let c = ForeignDataWrapper::new(c.to_owned());
+        let update_cam_call: Expression = [update_cam.clone(), (t as i64).into(), c.into()].into();
+        let new_c: ForeignDataWrapper<Camera> = eval(env, update_cam_call)?.try_into()?;
+        Ok(new_c.to_owned())
+    };
+
+    let path: PathBuf = path.into();
+
+    match cam.render_animation(
+        &path,
+        sfn,
+        ucm,
+        frames as u32,
+        fps as u32,
+        depth as u32,
+        subp as u32,
+    ) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(Expression::Nil),
+        Err(RTError::EvalError(e)) => Err(e),
+        Err(RTError::FFMpegError(e)) => Err(EvalError::RuntimeError(e.to_string())),
+    }
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn sin(x: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x.sin())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn cos(x: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x.cos())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn add_i(x: i64, y: i64) -> Result<i64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x + y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn add_f(x: f64, y: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x + y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn vadd_vv(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a + *b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn vadd_vp(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b + *a))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn vadd_pv(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a + *b))
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = add,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = add_i,
+    dispatch = add_f,
+    dispatch = vadd_vv,
+    dispatch = vadd_vp,
+    dispatch = vadd_pv
+);
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn sub_i(x: i64, y: i64) -> Result<i64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x - y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn sub_f(x: f64, y: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x - y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn sub_vv(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a - *b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn sub_vp(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b - *a))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn sub_pv(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a - *b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn sub_pp(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a - *b))
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = sub,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = sub_i,
+    dispatch = sub_f,
+    dispatch = sub_vv,
+    dispatch = sub_vp,
+    dispatch = sub_pv,
+    dispatch = sub_pp
+);
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn mul_i(x: i64, y: i64) -> Result<i64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x * y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn mul_f(x: f64, y: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x * y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn mul_vs(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a * b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn mul_sv(
+    a: f64,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b * a))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn mul_ps(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    b: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a * b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn mul_sp(
+    a: f64,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b * a))
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = mul,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = mul_i,
+    dispatch = mul_f,
+    dispatch = mul_vs,
+    dispatch = mul_sv,
+    dispatch = mul_ps,
+    dispatch = mul_sp
+);
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn div_i(x: i64, y: i64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x as f64 / y as f64)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn div_f(x: f64, y: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(x / y)
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn div_vs(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a / b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn div_sv(
+    a: f64,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b / a))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn div_ps(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+    b: f64,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*a / b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn div_sp(
+    a: f64,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>,
+) -> Result<ForeignDataWrapper<Point3>, EvalError> {
+    Ok(ForeignDataWrapper::new(*b / a))
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = div,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = div_i,
+    dispatch = div_f,
+    dispatch = div_vs,
+    dispatch = div_sv,
+    dispatch = div_ps,
+    dispatch = div_sp
+);
+
+#[native_lisp_function(eval)]
+pub fn dot(
+    a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+    b: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>,
+) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(a.dot(&b))
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn abs_i(a: i64) -> Result<i64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(a.abs())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn abs_f(a: f64) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(a.abs())
+}
+
+#[native_lisp_function]
+pub fn abs_v(a: ForeignDataWrapper<Vector3>) -> Result<f64, EvalError> {
+    Ok(a.dot(&a).sqrt())
+}
+
+native_lisp_function_proxy!(
+    fname = abs,
+    eval,
+    dispatch = abs_i,
+    dispatch = abs_f,
+    dispatch = abs_v
+);
+
+/// Adds the raytracing functions to the given environment layer.
+pub fn mk_raytrace(layer: &mut EnvironmentLayer) {
+    layer.set("point".to_string(), Expression::Function(point));
+    layer.set("point2".to_string(), Expression::Function(point2));
+    layer.set("vector".to_string(), Expression::Function(vector));
+    layer.set("color".to_string(), Expression::Function(color));
+    layer.set("light".to_string(), Expression::Function(light));
+    layer.set("material".to_string(), Expression::Function(material));
+    layer.set("plane".to_string(), Expression::Function(plane));
+    layer.set(
+        "checkerboard".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(checkerboard),
+    );
+    layer.set(
+        "texture-plane".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(texture_plane),
+    );
+    layer.set(
+        "mandelbrot-texture".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(mandelbrot_texture),
+    );
+    layer.set("sphere".to_string(), Expression::Function(sphere));
+    layer.set(
+        "texture-sphere".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(texture_sphere),
+    );
+    layer.set("scene".to_string(), Expression::Function(scene));
+    layer.set("scene-add".to_string(), Expression::Function(scene_add));
+    layer.set("camera".to_string(), Expression::Function(camera));
+    layer.set(
+        "camera-reposition".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(camera_reposition),
+    );
+    layer.set("render".to_string(), Expression::Function(render));
+    layer.set(
+        "render-animation".to_string(),
+        Expression::Function(render_animation),
+    );
+    layer.set("sin".to_string(), Expression::Function(sin));
+    layer.set("cos".to_string(), Expression::Function(cos));
+    layer.set("+".to_string(), Expression::Function(add));
+    layer.set("-".to_string(), Expression::Function(sub));
+    layer.set("*".to_string(), Expression::Function(mul));
+    layer.set("/".to_string(), Expression::Function(div));
+    layer.set("dot".to_string(), Expression::Function(dot));
+    layer.set("abs".to_string(), Expression::Function(abs));
+}

src/raytracer/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,26 @@
 pub mod camera;
+pub mod lisp;
 pub mod plane;
 pub mod scene;
 pub mod sphere;
+mod texture;
 pub mod types;
 mod vec;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum RTError {
+    EvalError(lispers_core::lisp::eval::EvalError),
+    FFMpegError(video_rs::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<lispers_core::lisp::eval::EvalError> for RTError {
+    fn from(value: lispers_core::lisp::eval::EvalError) -> Self {
+        RTError::EvalError(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<video_rs::Error> for RTError {
+    fn from(value: video_rs::Error) -> Self {
+        RTError::FFMpegError(value)
+    }
+}

src/raytracer/plane.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-use super::types::{Intersect, Material, Point3, Scalar, Vector3};
+use super::{
+    texture::TextureWrapper,
+    types::{Intersect, Material, Point3, Scalar, Vector3},
+};
 
 extern crate nalgebra as na;
 
 /// An infinite plane in 3D space.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Plane {
     /// The position of the plane.
     position: Point3,
@@ -13,6 +17,7 @@ pub struct Plane {
 }
 
 /// A infinite checkerboard plane in 3D space.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Checkerboard {
     /// The base plane containing the "white" material
     base: Plane,
@@ -24,6 +29,21 @@ pub struct Checkerboard {
     projection_matrix: na::Matrix2x3<Scalar>,
 }
 
+/// Define a plane using a 2D texture function
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TexturePlane {
+    /// The position of the plane.
+    position: Point3,
+    /// The normal of the plane.
+    normal: Vector3,
+    /// The scale of the plane (factor for x,y passed to material function)
+    scale: f64,
+    /// A projection matrix to map 3D points to the 2D plane space.
+    projection_matrix: na::Matrix2x3<Scalar>,
+    /// The texture to use.
+    texture: TextureWrapper,
+}
+
 impl Plane {
     /// Create a new plane.
     /// - `position` is the position of the plane.
@@ -64,39 +84,76 @@ impl Checkerboard {
     }
 }
 
+impl TexturePlane {
+    /// Create a new Function Plane.
+    /// - `position` is the position of the plane.
+    /// - `normal` is the normal of the plane.
+    /// - `texture` the texture to use
+    /// - `scale` is the side-length of each square.
+    /// - `up` is "y" direction on the plane in 3D-Space.
+    pub fn new(
+        position: Point3,
+        normal: Vector3,
+        texture: TextureWrapper,
+        scale: f64,
+        up: Vector3,
+    ) -> TexturePlane {
+        let right = up.cross(&normal).normalize();
+        TexturePlane {
+            position,
+            normal,
+            scale,
+            projection_matrix: na::Matrix3x2::from_columns(&[right, up]).transpose(),
+            texture,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn plane_intersect(
+    position: Point3,
+    normal: Vector3,
+    ray: &super::types::Ray,
+) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, super::types::Scalar)> {
+    let denom = normal.dot(&ray.direction);
+    if denom != 0.0 {
+        let d = normal.dot(&position.coords);
+        let t = (d - normal.dot(&ray.origin.coords)) / denom;
+
+        if t > 1e-5 {
+            let point = ray.origin + ray.direction * t;
+            return Some((point, normal, t));
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
 impl Intersect for Plane {
-    fn intersect<'a>(
+    fn intersect(
-        &'a self,
+        &self,
         ray: &super::types::Ray,
     ) -> Option<(
         Point3,
         Vector3,
         super::types::Scalar,
-        &'a super::types::Material,
+        super::types::Material,
     )> {
-        let denom = self.normal.dot(&ray.direction);
+        if let Some((point, normal, t)) = plane_intersect(self.position, self.normal, ray) {
-        if denom != 0.0 {
+            Some((point, normal, t, self.material.clone()))
-            let d = self.normal.dot(&self.position.coords);
+        } else {
-            let t = (d - self.normal.dot(&ray.origin.coords)) / denom;
+            None
-
-            if t > 1e-5 {
-                let point = ray.origin + ray.direction * t;
-                return Some((point, self.normal, t, &self.material));
-            }
         }
-        None
     }
 }
 
 impl Intersect for Checkerboard {
-    fn intersect<'a>(
+    fn intersect(
-        &'a self,
+        &self,
         ray: &super::types::Ray,
     ) -> Option<(
         Point3,
         Vector3,
         super::types::Scalar,
-        &'a super::types::Material,
+        super::types::Material,
     )> {
         if let Some((point, normal, t, material)) = self.base.intersect(ray) {
             let v3 = point - self.base.position;
@@ -105,12 +162,102 @@ impl Intersect for Checkerboard {
             if ((v2.x / self.scale).round() % 2.0 == 0.0)
                 == ((v2.y / self.scale).round() % 2.0 == 0.0)
             {
-                Some((point, normal, t, material))
+                Some((point, normal, t, material.clone()))
             } else {
-                Some((point, normal, t, &self.material_alt))
+                Some((point, normal, t, self.material_alt.clone()))
             }
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl Intersect for TexturePlane {
+    fn intersect(
+        &self,
+        ray: &super::types::Ray,
+    ) -> Option<(
+        Point3,
+        Vector3,
+        super::types::Scalar,
+        super::types::Material,
+    )> {
+        if let Some((point, normal, t)) = plane_intersect(self.position, self.normal, ray) {
+            let v3 = point - self.position;
+            let v2 = self.projection_matrix * v3;
+            let material = self
+                .texture
+                .material_at(na::Point2::new(v2.x / self.scale, v2.y / self.scale));
+            Some((point, normal, t, material))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Plane {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(plane position: {}, normal: {}, material: {})",
+            self.position, self.normal, self.material
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Checkerboard {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(checkerboard position: {}, normal: {}, material1: {}, material2: {}, scale: {})",
+            self.base.position, self.base.normal, self.base.material, self.material_alt, self.scale
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for TexturePlane {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(function-plane position: {:?}, normal: {:?}, scale: {:?})",
+            self.position, self.normal, self.scale,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TexturePlane {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(function-plane position: {}, normal: {}, scale: {})",
+            self.position, self.normal, self.scale,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Plane {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Checkerboard {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for TexturePlane {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.normal == other.normal
+            && self.position == other.position
+            && self.projection_matrix == other.projection_matrix
+            && self.scale == other.scale
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for TexturePlane {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}

src/raytracer/scene.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
 use super::types::Color;
 use super::types::Intersect;
 use super::types::Light;
 use super::types::Material;
 use super::types::Point3;
+use super::types::RTObjectWrapper;
 use super::types::Ray;
 use super::types::Vector3;
 use super::vec::mirror;
 use super::vec::reflect;
-use std::sync::Arc;
 extern crate nalgebra as na;
 
 /// A scene is a collection of objects and lights, and provides a method to trace a ray through the scene.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct Scene {
     /// The ambient light of the scene
     ambient: Color,
     /// The objects in the scene
-    objects: Vec<Arc<dyn Intersect + Send + Sync>>,
+    objects: Vec<RTObjectWrapper>,
     /// The lights in the scene
     lights: Vec<Light>,
 }
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ impl Scene {
     }
 
     /// Add an object to the scene
-    pub fn add_object(&mut self, obj: Arc<dyn Intersect + Send + Sync>) {
+    pub fn add_object(&mut self, obj: RTObjectWrapper) {
         self.objects.push(obj);
     }
 
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ impl Scene {
         {
             Some((isect_pt, isect_norm, _, material)) => {
                 // Lighting of material at the intersection point
-                let color = self.lighting(-&ray.direction, material, isect_pt, isect_norm);
+                let color = self.lighting(-&ray.direction, &material, isect_pt, isect_norm);
 
                 // Calculate reflections, if the material has mirror properties
                 if material.mirror > 0.0 {
@@ -128,3 +131,21 @@ impl Scene {
         color
     }
 }
+
+impl PartialOrd for Scene {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Scene {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(scene ambient: {}, #objects: {}, #lights: {})",
+            self.ambient,
+            self.objects.len(),
+            self.lights.len()
+        )
+    }
+}

src/raytracer/sphere.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-use super::types::{Intersect, Material, Point3, Ray, Scalar, Vector3};
+use super::{
+    texture::TextureWrapper,
+    types::{Intersect, Material, Point2, Point3, Ray, Scalar, Vector3},
+};
 
 extern crate nalgebra as na;
 
 /// A sphere in 3D space
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Sphere {
     /// Center of the sphere
     center: Point3,
@@ -12,6 +16,17 @@ pub struct Sphere {
     material: Material,
 }
 
+/// A sphere in 3D space
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct TextureSphere {
+    /// Center of the sphere
+    center: Point3,
+    /// Radius of the sphere
+    radius: Scalar,
+    /// texture of the sphere
+    texture: TextureWrapper,
+}
+
 impl Sphere {
     /// Create a new sphere at `center` with `radius` and `material`.
     pub fn new(center: Point3, radius: Scalar, material: Material) -> Sphere {
@@ -26,40 +41,105 @@ impl Sphere {
 /// Numerical error tolerance
 const EPSILON: Scalar = 1e-5;
 
-impl Intersect for Sphere {
+fn intersect(ray: &Ray, center: &Point3, radius: Scalar) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar)> {
-    fn intersect<'a>(&'a self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, &'a Material)> {
+    let co = ray.origin - center;
-        let co = ray.origin - self.center;
 
-        let a = ray.direction.dot(&ray.direction);
+    let a = ray.direction.dot(&ray.direction);
-        let b = 2.0 * ray.direction.dot(&co);
+    let b = 2.0 * ray.direction.dot(&co);
-        let c = co.dot(&co) - (self.radius * self.radius);
+    let c = co.dot(&co) - (radius * radius);
-        let d = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
+    let d = b * b - 4.0 * a * c;
 
-        if d >= 0.0 {
+    if d >= 0.0 {
-            let e = d.sqrt();
+        let e = d.sqrt();
-            let t1 = (-b - e) / (2.0 * a);
+        let t1 = (-b - e) / (2.0 * a);
-            let t2 = (-b + e) / (2.0 * a);
+        let t2 = (-b + e) / (2.0 * a);
-            let mut t = Scalar::MAX;
+        let mut t = Scalar::MAX;
 
-            if t1 > EPSILON && t1 < t {
+        if t1 > EPSILON && t1 < t {
-                t = t1;
+            t = t1;
-            }
+        }
-            if t2 > EPSILON && t2 < t {
+        if t2 > EPSILON && t2 < t {
-                t = t2;
+            t = t2;
-            }
-
-            if t < Scalar::MAX {
-                let isect_pt: Point3 = ray.origin + ray.direction * t;
-
-                return Some((
-                    isect_pt,
-                    (isect_pt - self.center) / self.radius,
-                    t,
-                    &self.material,
-                ));
-            }
         }
 
+        if t < Scalar::MAX {
+            let isect_pt: Point3 = ray.origin + ray.direction * t;
+
+            if c >= 0.0 {
+                return Some((isect_pt, (isect_pt - center) / radius, t));
+            } else {
+                return Some((isect_pt, -(isect_pt - center) / radius, t));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+impl Intersect for Sphere {
+    fn intersect(&self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, Material)> {
+        match intersect(ray, &self.center, self.radius) {
+            Some((isect_pt, normal, t)) => Some((isect_pt, normal, t, self.material.clone())),
+            None => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Sphere {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(sphere center: {}, radius: {}, material: {})",
+            self.center, self.radius, self.material
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Sphere {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+impl TextureSphere {
+    /// Create a new sphere at `center` with `radius` and `texture`.
+    pub fn new(center: Point3, radius: Scalar, texture: TextureWrapper) -> TextureSphere {
+        TextureSphere {
+            center,
+            radius,
+            texture,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Intersect for TextureSphere {
+    fn intersect(&self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, Material)> {
+        match intersect(ray, &self.center, self.radius) {
+            Some((isect_pt, normal, t)) => {
+                let n_isect_pt = (isect_pt - self.center) / self.radius;
+                let uv: Point2 = Point2::new(
+                    0.5 + (n_isect_pt.z.atan2(n_isect_pt.x) / (2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI)),
+                    0.5 - (n_isect_pt.y).asin() / std::f64::consts::PI,
+                );
+                Some((isect_pt, normal, t, self.texture.material_at(uv)))
+            }
+            None => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TextureSphere {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(sphere center: {}, radius: {}, texture: {})",
+            self.center, self.radius, self.texture
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for TextureSphere {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
         None
     }
 }

src/raytracer/texture.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use as_any::AsAny;
+use nalgebra as na;
+
+use super::types::Color;
+use super::types::Material;
+use super::types::Point2;
+use super::types::Scalar;
+
+pub trait Texture: Display + Debug + AsAny + Sync + Send {
+    fn material_at(&self, pt: Point2) -> Material;
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TextureWrapper(Arc<dyn Texture>);
+
+impl TextureWrapper {
+    pub fn new<T: Texture>(texture: T) -> Self {
+        Self(Arc::new(texture))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for TextureWrapper {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for TextureWrapper {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        Debug::fmt(&self.0, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TextureWrapper {
+    pub fn material_at(&self, pt: Point2) -> Material {
+        self.0.material_at(pt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for TextureWrapper {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.0, &other.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for TextureWrapper {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        PartialOrd::partial_cmp(&Arc::as_ptr(&self.0).addr(), &Arc::as_ptr(&other.0).addr())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct MandelbrotTexture {
+    scale: Scalar,
+    at: Point2,
+    max_iter: u32,
+    ambient_color: Color,
+    diffuse_color: Color,
+    specular_color: Color,
+}
+
+impl MandelbrotTexture {
+    pub fn new(
+        scale: Scalar,
+        at: Point2,
+        max_iter: u32,
+        ambient_color: Color,
+        diffuse_color: Color,
+        specular_color: Color,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            scale,
+            at,
+            max_iter,
+            ambient_color,
+            diffuse_color,
+            specular_color,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Texture for MandelbrotTexture {
+    fn material_at(&self, pt: Point2) -> Material {
+        let x = (pt.x / self.scale) + self.at.x;
+        let y = (pt.y / self.scale) + self.at.y;
+        let mut z = na::Vector2::new(0.0, 0.0);
+        let mut n = 0;
+        while z.norm() < 2.0 && n < self.max_iter {
+            let xtemp = z.x * z.x - z.y * z.y + x;
+            z.y = 2.0 * z.x * z.y + y;
+            z.x = xtemp;
+            n += 1;
+        }
+        let c = n as f64 / self.max_iter as f64;
+
+        Material {
+            ambient_color: self.ambient_color * c,
+            diffuse_color: self.diffuse_color * c,
+            specular_color: self.specular_color * c,
+            shininess: (1.0 - c) * 10.0,
+            mirror: 1.0 - c,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for MandelbrotTexture {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "MandelbrotTexture{{at={}, max_iter={}}}",
+            self.at, self.max_iter
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for MandelbrotTexture {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "MandelbrotTexture{{at={:?}, max_iter={:?}}}",
+            self.at, self.max_iter
+        )
+    }
+}

src/raytracer/types.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+
+use as_any::AsAny;
+
 extern crate nalgebra as na;
 
 /// The Scalar type to use for raytracing (f32 may result in acne effects)
@@ -6,6 +10,8 @@ pub type Scalar = f64;
 pub type Vector3 = na::Vector3<Scalar>;
 /// The Point3 type to use for raytracing
 pub type Point3 = na::Point3<Scalar>;
+/// The Point2 type to use for texture lookups
+pub type Point2 = na::Point2<Scalar>;
 /// The Color type to use for raytracing
 pub type Color = Vector3;
 
@@ -16,10 +22,11 @@ pub trait Intersect {
     /// Otherwise the intersection point, a normal vector at the intersection point,
     /// the distance from the ray origin to the intersection point and
     /// the material of the object are returned.
-    fn intersect<'a>(&'a self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, &'a Material)>;
+    fn intersect(&self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, Material)>;
 }
 
 /// A point light source
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Copy)]
 pub struct Light {
     /// Position of the light source
     pub position: Point3,
@@ -34,6 +41,12 @@ impl Light {
     }
 }
 
+impl PartialOrd for Light {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
 /// A ray with origin and direction
 pub struct Ray {
     /// Ray origin
@@ -50,6 +63,7 @@ impl Ray {
 }
 
 /// A Material used for PHONG shading
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Copy)]
 pub struct Material {
     /// Ambient color, aka color without direct or indirect light
     pub ambient_color: Color,
@@ -86,3 +100,145 @@ impl Material {
         }
     }
 }
+
+impl PartialOrd for Material {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+//////// Display traits ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+impl Display for Light {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(light position: {}, color: {})",
+            self.position, self.color
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Material {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "(material ambient_color: {}, diffuse_color: {}, specular_color: {}, shininess: {}, mirror: {})",
+            self.ambient_color, self.diffuse_color, self.specular_color, self.shininess, self.mirror
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+// RTWrapper ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// A trait used for Objects, which can be stored inside of the Scene, are Intersectable and are ForeignData compatible.
+pub trait RTObject: Intersect + Display + Debug + AsAny + Sync + Send + 'static {
+    /// Convert the object to a Box<dyn Any> allowing downcasts to Self
+    fn as_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn std::any::Any>;
+    /// Explicitly compare the object with another RTObject for object safety
+    fn eq_impl(&self, other: &dyn RTObject) -> bool;
+    /// Explicitly clone the object for object safety
+    fn clone_impl(&self) -> Box<dyn RTObject>;
+}
+
+impl<T: Intersect + Display + Debug + PartialEq + Clone + Sync + Send + 'static> RTObject for T {
+    fn as_any_box(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn std::any::Any> {
+        self
+    }
+    fn eq_impl(&self, other: &dyn RTObject) -> bool {
+        if let Some(other) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<T>() {
+            self == other
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+    fn clone_impl(&self) -> Box<dyn RTObject> {
+        Box::new(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for dyn RTObject {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.eq_impl(other)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The RTObjectWrapper is a wrapper around a Box<dyn RTObject> to make it ForeignData compatible
+/// (not depending on the concrete type of the object).
+pub struct RTObjectWrapper(Box<dyn RTObject>);
+
+impl RTObjectWrapper {
+    /// Create a new RTObjectWrapper from a Box<dyn RTObject>
+    pub fn new<T: RTObject>(value: Box<T>) -> RTObjectWrapper {
+        RTObjectWrapper(value)
+    }
+    /// Create a new RTObjectWrapper from a RTObject
+    pub fn from<T: RTObject>(value: T) -> RTObjectWrapper {
+        RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(value))
+    }
+    /// Get the inner box as Box<dyn Any> allowing downcasts to the concrete type
+    pub fn as_any_box(self) -> Box<dyn std::any::Any> {
+        self.0.as_any_box()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        RTObjectWrapper(self.0.clone_impl())
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        *self.0 == *other.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "RTObjectWrapper({})", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "RTObjectWrapper({:?})", self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Intersect for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn intersect(&self, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Point3, Vector3, Scalar, Material)> {
+        self.0.intersect(ray)
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for RTObjectWrapper {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_rt_wrapper_expr_conversion() {
+    use super::sphere::Sphere;
+    use lispers_core::lisp::expression::{Expression, ForeignDataWrapper};
+    let sphere = Sphere::new(
+        Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        1.0,
+        Material::new(
+            Color::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            Color::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            Color::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            0.0,
+            0.0,
+        ),
+    );
+
+    let sphere = RTObjectWrapper::new(Box::new(sphere));
+
+    let expr: Expression = ForeignDataWrapper::new(sphere.clone()).into();
+
+    let sphere2: ForeignDataWrapper<RTObjectWrapper> = expr.try_into().unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(sphere, *sphere2.0);
+}